What is Decreased Bone Density?
Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia, is a condition where bones become thinner and weaker than normal, increasing fracture risk.
What causes decreased bone density?
Several factors contribute, often in combination:
- Age: As we age, bone building and maintenance become less efficient. This is particularly true for women after menopause due to decreased estrogen.
- Genetics: Family history of osteoporosis or osteopenia increases risk.
- Diet: Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake significantly increases risk.
- Lifestyle: Lack of weight-bearing exercise (walking, jogging, weight training), smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption negatively impact bone health.
- Medical conditions: Certain diseases, such as celiac disease, hyperthyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis, can weaken bones.
What are the symptoms of decreased bone density?
Osteopenia often has no early symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms may include:
- Back pain (potentially indicating vertebral fracture)
- Loss of height
- Stooped posture
How is decreased bone density diagnosed?
Osteopenia is commonly diagnosed using a bone density test (DEXA scan), a painless procedure measuring bone mineral density.
What’s the treatment for decreased bone density?
Osteopenia management and prevention involves:
- Lifestyle changes: A calcium and vitamin D-rich diet, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol.
- Medications: Doctors may prescribe medications like bisphosphonates or other bone-building drugs.
- Supplements: Calcium and vitamin D supplements may be helpful for those with dietary deficiencies.
The bottom line: Maintaining strong bones is crucial. Healthy lifestyle choices and regular checkups help maintain bone health and minimize osteopenia or osteoporosis risk. Early detection is key; consult your doctor with any concerns.